The Sun in General
Numerical Data of the Sun
- Distance from Earth (Minimum) : 147.000.000km
- Distance from Earth (Maximum) : 152.000.000km
- Distance from Earth (Mean) : 149.600.000km
- Surface Gravity (Earth = 01) : 27.9
- Diameter (Mean) : 1.391.400km
- Diameter (Earth = 01) : 109.3
- Angullar Size : 32'
- Mass Extinxion : 5.000 T/sec
- Sunspots Magnetic Field Intensity : 3.000 Gauss
- Gravity Acceleration (Earth = 01) : 27.94
- Surface (Earth = 01) : 12.000
- Age : 4.500.000.000 years
- Surface Temperature : 5.780 C. Deg.
- Sunspots Temperature : 4.500 C. Deg
- Core Tempearature : 15.000.000 C. Deg.
- Luminocity (Full Moon = 01) : 400.000
- Mass (Earth = 01) : 332.488
- Mass (Relative to the Solar System) : 99.87%
- Magnitude : -26.86
- Helioum % : 18%
- Hydrogen % : 82%
- Rotation Period (Equatorial) : 25.04 days
- Escape Speed : 617 km/s
- Rotation Speed (Equatorial) : 2 km/s
Sun is the central star of our solar system, and also the only one. Life on Earth and many other natural things, like Comets tails are powered by the energy produced by our own star. The Sun is a main sequence star of G2V spectral type and is separated in the following parts:
- Nucleus : with size of 0.25Rs and Temperature of about 1.5x10^7 K, were all the Thermo-Nuclear reactions take place. This is the place were the Hydrogen becomes Helium, this is the main powersource of our Star.
- Radiation Belt : with thikness of about 0.60 Rs and surounds the Nucleus, this is the place were the energy of the Nucleus is transported to the outer parts of the Sun in the form of Radiation.
- Conveyor Belt : with thikness of about 0.15 Rs were the final transmition of energy to the outer parts takes place with the form of matter transmition.
- Photosphere : with 500 km thikness, on the Photosphere level take place most of the phenomena that an amateur astronomer can observe with a small to modest telescope (Granulation - Sunspots - Faculae).
- Chromosphere : Chromosphere has a deep Red colour and has a thikness af about 10-15.000km. This is were some of the most spectacular phenomena can be observed (Prominences - Filaments - Flares and more). This is also the area were the black lines of the solar spectrum have teyr origin. The red colour comes from the Hα΄ line of the neutral Hydrogen.
- Corona : The Solar Corona extends to the interplanetary space withought having a static formation. From 1930 until now with the Lyot Coronograph, the white light corona can be observed not only during the Total Solar Eclipses, but always. Temperature of the Solar Corona comes to a few million K deg., this causes the intence bright lines we observe on the Corona spectrum, those lines come from multiple ionized elements, like Fe - CaK and more.